There are many different numbering schemes for assigning nominal numbers to entities. These generally require an agreed set of rules, or a central coordinator. The schemes can be considered to be examples of a primary key of a database management system table, whose table definitions require a database design. Numbering schemes include:

Chemistry

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• CAS registry numbers for chemical compounds
• EC numbers for identifying enzymes
• UN numbers for (classes of) hazardous substances
• E numbers for food additives

Communications

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• The E.164 numbering plan for telephone numbers, including:
  • Country calling codes
  • North American Numbering Plan
  • Telephone numbering plan#Numbering plans by country
    • Argentina: Argentine telephone numbering plan
    • Australia: Australian telephone numbering plan
    • China: China telephone numbering plan
    • France: French telephone numbering plan
    • Hong Kong: Hong Kong telephone numbering plan
    • Japan: Japanese telephone numbering plan
    • Singapore: Singapore telephone numbering plan
    • United Kingdom: UK telephone numbering plan
• The IP address allocation scheme (IANA)
• The DNIC prefixes of X.25 NUAs assigned by the ITU http://www.itu.int

More on [ Numbering scheme ]

The Economist: Telecommunications

Telecoms in Australia: So long, Sol
Thu, 14 May 2009 11:27:59 -0000
Telstra finally calls an end to its long fight with the governmentONCE a byword for state-run inefficiency, Telstra is now famous instead for corporate belligerence and executive arrogance. For many years the Australian telecoms giant, under its American chief executive, Sol Trujillo, was at war with regulators and successive federal governments over its plans for a high-speed broadband network. The resulting conflict resulted in grievous self-inflicted harm, not least feet peppered with buckshot.In February, after nearly four turbulent years in charge, Mr Trujillo said he would stand down at the end of June, a year earlier than scheduled. On May 8th Telstra announced the resignation of its chairman, Donald McGauchie, who had backed his bruising style. The board has appointed two more conciliatory figures: Catherine Livingstone as chairman, and David Thodey, a Telstra insider, as chief executive. ...
The PCCW case: Split decision
Thu, 23 Apr 2009 11:48:58 -0000
A pivotal ruling strengthens the hand of Hong Kong’s small shareholdersLI KA-SHING’S place in the stratosphere of Hong Kong’s billionaires’ club was enhanced not only by the vast amounts of money he made for himself, but also by the significant sums that, for many years, his operations made for his shareholders. How this worked was unclear: he has three primary companies and various other entities with overlapping interests including ports, property, energy, telecoms and retail. Opacity, and questions about whether shareholders received fair prices for assets shifted between various entities, resulted in low-level grumbling among local investors. But these were always drowned out by joy over the aggregate success.In recent years tolerance for this casual approach to corporate governance has been wearing thin because of the extended slump in share prices, and because other tycoons who ran similarly convoluted empires did not generate such big returns. But the real blow, ironically, has been delivered by Mr Li’s son, Richard (pictured). His machinations over Hong Kong’s dominant telecoms operator, PCCW, have stoked widespread rage and done what many considered to be impossible: inspiring local regulators to take a critical look at the workings of Hong Kong’s tycoon-friendly financial markets and intervene on behalf of small shareholders. ...
Business.view: The PCCW buy-out in court
Tue, 21 Apr 2009 07:28:43 -0000
A crucial case for shareholders' rightsIN HIS book “China and Capitalism”, David Faure, a historian at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, makes a superb case that China’s economic decline in the 19th century had its origins in the failure to separate ownership and control. Family-run companies, without the help of vibrant financial markets, could not raise sufficient capital to exploit the large-scale opportunities tied to the rise of the steam engine, notably railways and (with limited exceptions) global shipping and automated manufacturing.The Western answer to this problem was a series of changes to corporate structures to allow investment by outsiders with limited liability. One of the most difficult changes was in attitude: insiders were required to act in the interest of shareholders with stakes too small to force changes in corporate policy. In recent decades, most Asian countries have created capital markets and adopted the basic structure that, in form at least, permits the separation of ownership and control. But the reality is often woefully different. Families remain at the core of most of the large businesses, and they look after their own interests first, and often second and third as well. ...

BBC News | Business | World Edition

Rogue trades cost oil broker $10m
Fri, 03 Jul 2009 14:19:10 -0000
A rogue trader at a London-based oil brokerage causes his employer to lose $10m (£6m) after making unauthorised trades.
Venezuela assumes control of bank
Sat, 04 Jul 2009 06:47:54 -0000
Venezuela's government formally takes control of the country's third largest bank - the Spanish-owned Banco de Venezuela.
More backing for Rio cash-raising
Fri, 03 Jul 2009 06:49:58 -0000
A Rio Tinto rights issue sees strong take-up from existing holders of its Australian-listed shares - after similar UK success.

NYT > Business

Neighbor’s Shadow Still Large in Slovakia
By DAN BILEFSKY Sat, 04 Jul 2009 03:23:21 -0000
Slovakia still exudes uncertainty 16 years after its “velvet divorce” from the Czech Republic.
Back to Business: For Banks, Wads of Cash and Loads of Trouble
By ERIC LIPTON and ANDREW MARTIN Sat, 04 Jul 2009 06:37:07 -0000
Bulk deposits from brokers, known as hot money, fueled growth at smaller banks across the country, but also led some to the brink, and beyond.
For Australian Winemakers, More Turns Out to Be Less
By MERAIAH FOLEY Sat, 04 Jul 2009 05:35:45 -0000
Australian winemakers are selling more wine but making less money per bottle.

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