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Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as — in metonymy — the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures (or just pictures or "picture"), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks — and commonly movies.

Films are produced by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or special effects. They comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown rapidly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion; a psychological effect identified as beta movement.

Film is considered by many to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. The visual elements of cinema need no translation, giving the motion picture a universal power of communication. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.

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New book from Robert Heimann on the plasma spraying of ceramic and metal thin films and coatings: http://ow.ly/r4l0
materialspeter (Peter Gregory) Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:40:27 -0000
New book from Robert Heimann on the plasma spraying of ceramic and metal thin films and coatings: http://ow.ly/r4l0

 
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Optical Technologies - Manufacturer of lightweight, massive optics, offering specialty optical coatings.

Abrisa - Offers thin film optical coatings. Also offers optical glass specializing in lighting components. California.
Meta Description: [ Abrisa is a glass, tubing and coatings manufacturer of technical industrial glass. Coatings include anti reflective, non glare, glass wafer, first and front surface mirror, hot and cold mirror, dichroic and conductive ITO coatings ]

AccuCoat Inc. - Provides thin-film optical coatings. Specializing in low-temperature coatings for polymer optics. Rochester.
Meta Description: [ AccuCoat Inc. is a Rochester, NY based company. ]

Acktar Ltd - Moisture barrier coatings for fiber optics, high emissivity optical coatings for thermography and porous coatings for electrolytic capacitors
Meta Description: [ Selective absorbing coatings for UV, VIS, IR (high absorptance, low absorptance, low emissivity, high emissivity). Inorganic , low outgassing, thin layer. ]

Advanced International Technology., LLC - Provides thin film optical coatings. Provides glass cutting, dicing, and bonding. San Diego.
Meta Description: [ AIT provides thin film fabrication services: deposition, sputtering, evaporation, photolithography. Back end wafer processing: dicing, ion milling, micro-machining & assembly. Biotechnology in Mems and Nanotechnology applications. ]

Alacritas Consulting - Consulting in thin film optical coatings. Website includes downloads, booksales, and weblinks. Leicestershire.
Meta Description: [ Alacritas Consultancy Ltd. offer thin film expertise for Training, Troubleshooting, and process improvement. We also act as UK agents for sputter power supplies, quartz crystal rate monitors and residual gas analyzers. ]

American Computer Optics - Manufacturer of thin film optical coatings and safety tempered coated glass.
Meta Description: [ ACO Optical Coatings: manufacturer of thin film optical coatings, specializing in flat panel coated glass for display protection, anti-reflection, U/V, I/R, split beam and touch screens. ]

Andover Corporation - Provider of thin-film optical coatings. Online store offers and stock and custom optics. New Hampshire.
Meta Description: [ Order optical filters online directly from the manufacturer. ISO 9001 registered. Online catalog contains a wealth of technical info and over 1000 products, including bandpass filters, dichroic filters, beamsplitters, edge filters, calibration filters, etc. ]

Angstrom Sciences, Inc. - Offers magnetron sputtering cathodes for thin film deposition. Also offers target materials, backing plates, and bonding services. Pennsylvania.
Meta Description: [ Angstrom Sciences, Inc. world leader in magnetron sputtering technology, sputtering systems. Magnetron sputtering, deals, special offers, angstrom advantage newsletter ]

500 BAE Precision Optics - Provider of thin film optical coatings and precision optics. Australia.
Meta Description: [ Precision Optics facility of BAE SYSTEMS Australia at Holden Hill SA specialises in Optics design, fabrication, maintenance and repair ]

404 Bayview Optics - Provider of thin film optical coatings. Maine.
Meta Description: [ Suppliers of thin film coatings and patterns for Science, military, medical , and research. We make photomasks for the microelectronics industry. we supply optical parts for microscopes and optical instruments. ]

Brysen Optical Corporation - Provider of thin film optical coatings. Offers full optical shop service from fabrication through assembly. Florida
Meta Description: [ Brysen Optical is a designer and manufacturer of full spectrum (UV through IR) optical components, Solderable Edge Metalization, Reticles, Electro-Optical Assemblies, Brysen Optical Corporation provides quality service for vacuum coatings, thin film coatings, patterned substrates and reticles fo... ]

Charles Bishop Consulting - Consultant on vacuum system design and process development. UK.
Meta Description: [ vacuum deposition of thin film coatings onto webs, films or foils by evaporation, electron beam evaporation, sputering, chemical vapour deposition, magnetron sputtering, or other coating techniques. ]

Cilas Marseille - Provider of thin-film optical coatings. France.

COROB Spectra-Coating - Provider of barium sulfate formulations for diffuse, white coatings. Italy.
Meta Description: [ spectra-coating, diffusive and white reflectance coating, perfect lambertianity, for reflectance applications in UV-VIS-NIR wavelengths, high reflectivity, ideal for integrating spheres, optical components, spectrometers, photometers, laser power measurements, lamp housing ]

404 Cougar Labs, Inc. - Manufacturer of thin film processing tools for sputtering, evaporation and MOCVD. Tutorial material and references.
Meta Description: [ Cougar Labs, Inc. - Manufacturer of thin film processing tools for semiconductor, MEMS and optoelectronics industries. ]

Daheng Group - Optical coating.

Denton Vacuum - Manufactures systems for vacuum deposition for electron microscopy, precision optics, electronics, and ophthalmic applications. New Jersey.
Meta Description: [ Makes vacuum deposition systems using sputtering or evaporation for use in electron microscopy, precision optics, research, production & ophthalmic applications. Supplies coated optics & vacuum deposition for customers' substrates. ]

Deposition Research Laboratory - Experience in the design, development and fabrication of thin film materials and sophisticated multilayer optical filters and devices.

Evaporated Coatings, Inc. - Offers thin film coatings for precision optics. Specializing in coatings on plastics. Pennsylvania.
Meta Description: [ Vacuum Deposited Thin Film Coatings For Glass, Plastic, & Metal Substrates, Including Fiber Optic Components. Coatings Include Front & Back Surface Aluminum, Gold & Silver Mirrors; Dichroic Filters; Long & Short Wave Pass Filters; Beamsplitters; Low Reflection Coatings For 200-2000nm; Heat Absorb... ]

Gaertner Scientific Corporation - Gaertner manufactures precision optical measuring instruments covering a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.
Meta Description: [ Gaertner manufactures precision optical measuring instruments covering a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. ]

Galvoptics Ltd. - Optical shop offering precision optics including windows, mirrors, beamsplitters, and lenses. Offers refurbishing of telescope optics. Essex.

Gemch - Optical coating

Glas Trösch AG - Manufacturer of anti-reflective glass and one-way mirrors. Specializing in large pieces for picture frames, display, and architectural applications. Switzerland.
Meta Description: [ LUXAR. Anti-Reflective Glas von HTG - HY-TECH-GLASS, einem Unternehmen der Glas Troesch Gruppe, LUXAR. Anti-reflective glass by HTG - HY-TECH-GLASS, a company of the Glas Troesch Group ]

H. L. Clausing Inc - Offers optical coatings and large optics.
Meta Description: [ High Quality Mirrors & Optical Coatings on substrates up to 92 inches in diameter. We specialize in custom optical coatings on large substrates. We cater to industrial, commercial and aerospace applications. ]

iCoat - Offers antireflective opthamalic coatings. California.

Infrared Multilayer Laboratory - Development and manufacture of infrared filters and coatings for space-flight atmospheric sensing instrumentation. UK.
Meta Description: [ The Infrared Multilayer Laboratory specialise in the development and manufacture of infrared optical filters and coatings to meet the complex and rigorous demands imposed in space-flight atmospheric sensing instrumentation. ]

International Micro Photonix, Inc. - Provider of thin-film optical coatings and coating consulting services. Massachusetts.
Meta Description: [ Specializing in developing micro optics and fiber coatings. ]

Iridian Spectral Technologies - Canadian Corporation designs and manufactures thin film filters that can be used in a wide range of applications.
Meta Description: [ Iridian Spectral Technologies: optical filters, Raman notch filters and dielectric thin film coatings, both standard and custom ]

Kamis Inc. - Manufacturer of supplies for thin film coating including sputtering and evaporation targets, pure metals, crucible liners, and earth metals. New York.
Meta Description: [ Kamis Inc. is a manufacturer of sputtering targets and evaporation material for the thin filmcoating industry. Kamis stocks a large variety of crucibles, evaporation boats, pure metals. ]

404 KERDRY - Thin layer and AR coating for optical components.
Meta Description: [ Thin layer coating, optical coating, metallic coating and advanced coating systems by Kerdry on fiber optic, optical lens and optical crystal ]

L Optical Services - Provider of single and multi-layer optical coatings. California.

Majestic Optical Coatings - Supplier of thin film optical coatings, reflective and anti reflective. 24 to 48 hour turn around for selective coatings.

Microsharp Corporation Limited - Polymer optical film expertise (design, development, manufacturing).
Meta Description: [ Microsharp Corporation Limited is a highly innovative dynamic company developing light manipulation solutions for its clients, mainly in the displays industry. Its polymer films enable redirection of light for improved viewing and novel optical designs. ]

Mirotek - Distributor of front surface mirrors, specializing in large precision mirrors. California.
Meta Description: [ Your one stop source for superior front surface optical quality mirror and mirror products ]

MLD Technologies - Provider of thin film optical coatings. Specializes in ion beam sputtering. California.

North American Coating Laboratories - Vacuum thin-film and dip coating services for optics. Specializes in anti-reflective wide and narrow band for plastics. Ohio.
Meta Description: [ North American Coating Labs provides custom coatings for polymer and glass optics markets ]

OCJ - Provides thin-film optical coatings. Specializes in large-volumes. Japan.
Meta Description: [ High-performance thin-film components by Optical Coatings Japan ]

Optical Coating Corporation - Develops and manufactures a variety of thin film optical coatings and components for the UV/VIS/IR wavelength ranges
Meta Description: [ Optical Coating Corporation (OCC) develops and manufactures a variety of thin film optical coatings and components for the UV/VIS/IR wavelength ranges. ]

Optical Filter Source, LLC - Provides thin film optical coatings. Specializes in coatings for lighting applications. Texas.

Optical Filters Ltd - Design and manufacture of EMI-shielded and contrast enhancement windows.
Meta Description: [ Optical filters Ltd, world leaders in the design and manufacture of emi-shielded and contrast enhancement windows ]

Opticorp Inc. - Provider of thin-film optical coatings. Massachusetts.
Meta Description: [ Opticorp Inc. - conventional and ion-assisted optical coatings, manufacturing, production, design engineering for precision optics, telecommunications, and OEM manufacturers, universities, and research laboratories ]

OPTIDA - Provider of thin-film optical coatings. Lithuania.

Precis Design - Thin film coating company based using exclusive Dual Rotary Magnetron Coating technology.
Meta Description: [ Precis Design is an advanced thin film coating company based on the proprietary, breakthrough technology of Dual Rotary Magnetron Coating. This technology offers superior performance and value for many industries that require specialized, custom coatings and small-to-large-scale manufacturing; in... ]

Quality Thin Films Inc. - Provider of thin film optical coatings. Specializing in coatings for laser crystals. Florida.
Meta Description: [ Thin Film Coating is a specialty that is designed and manufactured by Quality Thin Films. We also specialize in the manufacture and supply of precision optical components, high power laser mirrors, and laser crystals. ]

R Coatings - Coating services, including anti-reflection coatings, filters, and laser mirrors.
Meta Description: [ ZC&R Coatings for Optics, Inc. offers a wide range of optical coating services, including anti-reflection coatings, filters, and laser mirrors. ]

Rescue Technologies - Consulting, sampling and prototyping, thin films, products and processes.

404 Rockwell Science Center - Design, development and manufacture of optical coatings and microoptics. California.

RPC Photonics - Micro-optical structured surfaces and Engineered Diffusers.

Satis Vacuum - Manufacturer of equipment for applying opthamalic coatings. Switzerland.

SDC Technologies, Inc. - Provider of wet-applied coatings for abrasion resistance, tintability, index matching, anti-fog, and release. California.
Meta Description: [ Customer Relation Systems ]

Seoul Precision Optics - Supplies optical filters for laser mirror, fiber optics and many of the latest thin film applications.

Sonoma Photonics - Optical thin film manufacturing serving the DWDM market.

Spectro-Film - Manufacturer of optical filters and coatings. Stocking of laser and laser diode filters. Hard oxide sputtered and ion-beam assisted optical filters.
Meta Description: [ Manufacturer of optical filters, coatings and laser diode filters. Hard oxide sputtered and ion-beam assisted filters. ISO-9002 certified since 1993. ]

Spectrums Coatings - Provider of opthamalic coatings including antireflection, tint, and abrasion resistance. Manchester.
Meta Description: [ Spectrum Coatings are independent lens coating specialists for the UK. Experts in hard (scratchproof) coating, anti-reflective coating and tinting. ]

T Consulting Limited - Offers consulting and sales representation for thin-film optical coatings. Scotland.
Meta Description: [ P&T Consulting Ltd is a provider of Consultancy and Sales Representation services to the European optics, opto-electronics and optical thin film markets ]

Thin Film Analysis, Inc. - Testing laboratory providing Rutherford Backscattering analysis, Hydrogen Forward Scattering analysis, and Channeling analysis. California.
Meta Description: [ tfainc.com ]

Thin Film Center Inc. - Provides software, training courses and consulting services for the optical thin-film industry.
Meta Description: [ THIN FILM CENTER THIN FILM DESIGN SOFTWARE, COURSES and CONSULTING ]

Thin Film Lab - Provider of thin-film optical coatings. Pennsylvania

Ultra Optics - Provider of equipment and coating chemistry for scratch resistant opthamalic coatings. Minnesota.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to UltraOptics.com! Ultra Optics Company (UOC) manufactures and sells the machinery and coating chemistry needed to place a scratch resistant coating onto the surface of a plastic lens. ]

Vacuum Process Technology, Inc. - Manufacturer of equipment for thin-film vacuum coatings. Also refurbishing, upgrading, and retrofitting existing systems. Massachusetts.
Meta Description: [ Solar Cells,Silicon Solar Cells,Vacuum Processing Equipment for Solar Cells,Vacuum Deposition Equipment For Solar Cells,PECVD,aSi,a-Si,Amorphous Silicon,AR Coatings,Anti-Reflective Coatings,Bake out,Chamber,Chambers,Coating Development, Coating Laboratory,Coating Processes,Coating Systems,Coating... ]

Valley Design Corp. - Luag slicing and optical polishing.
Meta Description: [ Fused silica and quartz wafers, substrates and windows for optics, MEMS and SOI polished to as good as 10/5 surface finish. ]

Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc. - Provider of polymer based wet antireflective, antiabrasion, and conductive optical coatings. Ohio.
Meta Description: [ Vampire Optical Coatings designs and produces functional nano-particle coatings which are used in opto-electronics market. These coatings are designed to permit transmission or absorbance of selected wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. ]

VST Service, Ltd. - Manufacturer of systems for thin film deposition, vacuum ovens, test chambers and other high and ultra high vacuum related equipment. Israel.

Wavefront Technology Inc. - Provides holographic diffusers, microstured film, prismatic film for light management.
Meta Description: [ Offering proprietary and patented microreplication process technologies, custom manufacturing services for producing microstructured optical film with custom geometries for light management, diffraction and security applications. ]

Xenocs - Multilayer coating based solutions for the design, development and manufacture of EUV, X-ray and neutron optics

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