Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler.
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Acuity Pro - Windows based acuity testing program.
Meta Description: [ A Computerized Visual Acuity Chart with ETDRS, Snellen, Contrast Sensitivity and many other optotypes ]
C-Base Design - Manufacturer of practice/retail optical management software based in the UK.
Gerber Coburn - Develops, manufactures, and distributes computer-based laboratory production solutions to ophthalmic professionals. Headquartered in South Windsor, Connecticut.
Meta Description: [ the world
leader in ophthalmic lens processing systems. Gerber Coburn develops, manufactures, and distributes
a wide range of fully integrated, computer-based laboratory production solutions to
ophthalmic professionals around the world. The company's world-class equipment, software,
a... ]
Ocuco - Clinical recording and practice management software for ophthalmologists and optometrists.
Meta Description: [ Joomla - the dynamic portal engine and content management system ]
OD Professional - Integrated optometric practice management software: automated case management, paperless business administration, digital image capture; scalable to any size practice; comprehensive customer service, including product implementation, training, maintenance, support.
Meta Description: [ OD Professional optometry software, a different optometry software solution, optometry, software for optometry, software, created by Richard Hersley, www.motionvisual.com ]
Optical Diagnostics - Developing and marketing clinical programs, with product details and free demonstration versions to download. Culemborg, The Netherlands.
Meta Description: [ Optical Diagnostics: Software for the modern eye care professional ]
Optometry.net - A website builder for optometrists.
Meta Description: [ Optometry.net allows optometric practices to create and manage a professional
website, email services, and integrates with maximEyes practice management software. ]
500RefractiveWare - Offers software for refractive practice management.
404Umist Eye System - Developers of a program which uses computer generated letters and symbols to measure acuity. Includes an illustrated summary of the features.
Veatch Ophthalmic Instruments - Serving the ophthalmic industry with software.
Meta Description: [ Find ophthalmic equipment and optometry equipment including ophthalmoscopes and otoscopes at VeatchInstruments.com. ]
, Mark Webbink discusses software patents and the philosophy, business pressures and judicial activism that created them ...