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Cattle (called cows in vernacular usage, kine archaic, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat (called beef and veal), dairy products (milk), leather and as draught animals (pulling carts, plows and the like). In some countries, such as India, they are subject to religious ceremonies and respect. It is estimated that there are 1.3 billion head of cattle in the world today *.
Cattle were originally identified by Carolus Linnaeus as three separate species. These were Bos taurus, the European cattle, including similar types from Africa and Asia; Bos indicus, the zebu; and the extinct Bos primigenius, the aurochs. The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and European cattle. More recently these three have increasingly been grouped as one species, sometimes using the names Bos primigenius taurus, Bos primigenius indicus and Bos primigenius primigenius. Complicating the matter is the ability of cattle to interbreed with other closely related species. Hybrid individuals and even breeds exist, not only between European cattle and zebu but also with yaks, banteng, gaur, and bison, a cross-genera hybrid. For example, genetic testing of the Dwarf Lulu breed, the only humpless "Bos taurus-type" cattle in Nepal, found them to be a mix of European cattle, zebu and yak. Cattle cannot successfully be bred with water buffalo or African buffalo. (See aurochs for the history of domestication, and zebu for peculiarities of that group.)
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Calf Cozy - Manufacturers of protective calf blankets. Located in Huntington, Vermont, USA.
Meta Description: [ Use Calf Cozy calf blankets, calf coats, or calf jackets to raise your calves: increase weight gain and improve calf health. Calf blankets reduce scours, pneumonia, & cold stress. Research shows blankets help calves maintain body heat, using feed energy for growth. ]
Cattle Today Inc. - Offers frozen beef semen and storage tanks for artificial insemination.
Meta Description: [ SemenTank.com is your online source for frozen Beef Semen and MVE Semen Tanks. ]
Embryo Plus - Cattle embryo flushing and semen collection. South Africa.
Meta Description: [ Embryo Plus for superior cattle embryo flushing and semen collection! ]
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Meta Description: [ Hornex (Europe) Ltd, based in Edinburgh, Scotland are the producers of animal health product Hornex. Hornex offers the most humane dehorning solution ensuring that young calves thrive and become healthy cattle, due to a less stressful experience when dehorning. The dehorning paste is manufactured... ]
Immucell Corporation - Developing products for the prevention and treatment of disease in dairy and beef cattle. Includes details of collaborations, and information for investors. Portland, Maine, USA.
Meta Description: [ ImmuCell produces preventatives, diagnostics and treatments that improve animal health and productivity in the dairy and beef industries. Current focus is on mastitis management, calf health, enteric disease diagnosis. ]
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