Finance

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Main article portfolio (finance)

In finance, a portfolio is a collection of investments held by an institution or a private individual. Holding but not always a portfolio is part of an investment and risk-limiting strategy called diversification. By owning several assets, certain types of risk (in particular specific risk) can be reduced.

Management and marketing

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In strategic management and marketing, a portfolio is a collection of products, services, or brands that are offered for sale by a company. In building up a product portfolio a company can use various analytical techniques including B.C.G. Analysis, contribution margin analysis, G.E. Multi Factoral analysis,and Quality Function Deployment. Typically a company tries to achieve both diversification and balance in their portfolio of product offerings.

Many portfolio optimization algorithms are based on MPT or Modern Portfolio Theory. The most commonly used method is Mean-Variance optimization where portfolio allocations aim at maximizing the profit while constraining the risk.

More on [ Portfolio ]

NYT > Job Market

Under New Management: Life After a Merger: Learning on Both Sides
KELLEY HOLLAND Sun, 24 Jun 2007 03:11:03 -0400
Managers should act promptly (and creatively) to keep the best people after a deal.
Home Front: Training for the Twists of Driving a School Bus
JOSEPH P. FRIED Sat, 23 Jun 2007 16:25:36 -0400
A program in Brooklyn helps low-income or unemployed New York City residents become bus or truck drivers.
The Boss: When Focus Leads the Way
As told to PATRICIA R. OLSEN Sun, 24 Jun 2007 03:13:22 -0400
“New Orleans defines who I am,” said Arnold Donald, chief executive of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International.

Portfolio.com: Careers

What's Project Runway Worth?
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
Hollywood insiders have been waiting for Harvey Weinstein’s bubble to burst ever since he and his brother, Bob, split from Disney in 2005. Despite $1 billion in equity from Goldman Sachs, the Weinsteins have yet to produce a huge hit—except Project Runway, the cult cable-TV show hosted by supermodel Heidi Klum, which features competitions among aspiring fashion designers. This spring, the Weinstein Co. surprised the industry by pulling the show off Bravo and striking a $150 million, five-year licensing deal to air Runway on Lifetime. But if the Weinsteins really want to hit the jackpot, maybe they should consider selling the show. They wouldn’t talk, but we spoke to entertainment bankers­—including Dave Davis of Arpeggio Partners—and production executives to estimate what the Weinsteins might earn by selling. 1. Existing Episodes The first step in valuing a TV franchise is determining the revenue from home-video sales, second runs, and the syndication of already aired episodes. Project Runway earns an estimated $10 million in DVD sales and about $700,000 in second runs per season. It has yet to be syndicated, but our industry sources believe that it could make about $350,000 a season in syndication fees. The show completes its fifth season this summer, and its first three seasons are already out on DVD. A new owner would probably collect fees from five seasons of syndication and two of second runs and DVD sales.  Estimated Value: $22.5 million  2. Future Episodes The next step is estimating the value of all future episodes, including licensing fees, promotional partnerships, home-video sales, and rerun and syndication fees. Under its new deal with Lifetime, the Weinstein Co. reportedly will earn $800,000 an episode (for a total of 140 future episodes). ­Promotional partnerships have always played a prominent role on the show: On one episode, contestants were required to modernize various ­fashion icons—like Marilyn Monroe—for Tresemmé’s print ads; on another, they were ­ordered ­to design outfits using only materials found in the ­Hershey’s store in Times Square. By the end of season five, the ­Weinsteins were charging major partners like Tresemmé, L’Oréal, and Macy’s as much as $1 million a season to participate. A partnership with Elle recently fell apart after the brothers demanded that the magazine pay $75,000 an episode. The company is now in talks with ­Marie Claire. Estimated Value: $209 million 3. Brand Value The final step is assessing a premium (if one is ­warranted) for brand value. Project Runway played a key role in making Bravo a reality-TV powerhouse, but the show’s impending move will serve as a real test of its brand appeal. Not only is it leaving an up-and-coming network for an ailing one, but the show’s producers are also staying at Bravo. And compared with similar programs, Runway hasn’t fared as well in ratings and international spinoffs: America’s Next Top Model has more than 30 international versions; Runway has six. “Project Runway is not terribly differentiated relative to other talent competitions,” says Andy Bateman, C.E.O. of branding consultancy Interbrand. Some investors would put scant value on Runway’s brand, but more entrepreneurial types might be willing to pay a premium of as much as 5 percent. Estimated Value: Up to $12 million  The Bottom Line: The Weinsteins haven't said they're selling, but maybe they ought to think about it. Total Estimated Value of Project Runway: As much as $243.5 million  NOTE: Future cash flows have been adjusted to reflect present value.   Related LinksLegal Fight Erupts Over 'Project Runway' MoveVogue Snubs, Covets Project RunwaySummertime Slump
What Was Ken Lewis Thinking?
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
Wall Street’s debate over Bank of America’s purchase of Countrywide Financial is not whether it’s a good or bad deal—but whether it will be C.E.O. Ken Lewis’ last deal. “If this doesn’t work, at some point shareholders are going to demand Lewis’ head,” says Josh Rosner, managing director of Graham Fischer & Co., a New York research consultancy that specializes in mortgage finance. But in keeping with the market axiom that any viewpoint unanimously held is wrong by definition, writing off Lewis so fast may be a mistake. In fact, there’s a decent—and obviously contrarian—case to be made that the Countrywide deal plays to Lewis’ strengths, if he can survive long enough to show them off. First, Lewis is an old hand at big deals. Bank of America is the product of more than 3,000 mergers, and Lewis has worked on many of them, including the epic 1998 union of NationsBank (known as North Carolina National Bank when he started there in 1969) and Bank of America, California’s largest bank. It’s telling that most analysts were initially skeptical of the two Lewis megadeals that clinched Bank of America’s place as the country’s first (and still only) truly national consumer bank: the $48 billion acquisition of FleetBoston Financial in 2003 and the $34 billion purchase of credit-card specialist MBNA in 2005. In both cases, B of A was roundly criticized for overpaying. In the end, Lewis and his team squeezed so much value out of FleetBoston and MBNA in integrating them with B of A’s existing operations that investor opinion on the deals swung strongly to the positive. Lewis also showed unusual resolve in sitting on his checkbook even as rivals were paying top dollar to buy mortgage lenders by the dozens in the 1990s. He was deeply ambivalent about the mortgage market, telling colleagues that he “loved the product and hated the business.” Although he acknowledged that the home loan was a “cornerstone of the customer relationship,” he considered mortgage lending unnecessarily risky. Not only did housing markets go from boom to bust all too often, but the structure of the industry was too risky because banks outsourced much of their lending to brokers or others. As soon as Lewis moved up to C.E.O., he began restructuring Bank of America’s mortgage-lending operation with the dual aim of reducing risk and forging a closer, more lucrative relationship with his customers. Within a year, the bank had stopped making subprime loans and buying mortgages from other lenders. It also found ways to attract better-quality buyers: It trained about 10,000 personal bankers in its branches to sell home loans directly to consumers, along with checking accounts, credit cards, and certificates of deposit. This might not sound like much, but other banks relied on referrals from homebuilders and real estate brokers, which meant that they had less control over customer quality. Lewis’ conservatism was tested during the housing boom that lasted from 2003 to 2006. Countrywide and other lenders fed the frenzy by amending conventional standards of creditworthiness to accept almost anybody willing to fill out a loan application (ability to repay optional). As lending volume exploded, the issue of whether B of A should jump back into the subprime game sparked fierce internal debate. Customers by the millions were going elsewhere for mortgages and taking their banking relationships with them. “You don’t want to be in a position where you have to say no to customers,” says a B of A executive who found himself on the other side of the issue from his C.E.O.  Lewis’ intransigence became prescience when the credit-market convulsions of mid-2007 brought the subprime house of cards tumbling down on its architects, including Angelo Mozilo, Countrywide’s 69-year-old co-founder and C.E.O.  While mortgage originations across the industry for the year dropped 15 percent, Bank of America’s volume jumped 21 percent, to $93 billion. More important, the $275 billion worth of mortgages the bank held on its books remained solidly profitable even as soaring rates of default and foreclosure pushed many subprime specialists into bankruptcy. For 2007, B of A’s net mortgage charge-offs totaled $57 million, a mere 0.02 percent of its portfolio. For Lewis to acquire the company that underwrote so much of the subprime sludge now polluting the global financial system isn’t quite the betrayal of principle it might seem. Until the late-career meltdown of Mozilo’s credit judgment, Countrywide was an enterprising, well-managed company that for three decades had subsisted on exactly the sort of conventional home loans to which Lewis limited B of A. Countrywide hasn’t made a material subprime loan in nearly a year, and Mozilo is a self-correcting problem—for Lewis, anyway. The lavishly paid, superannuated poster boy of subprime excess will retire as soon as the sale closes, leaving a horrendous legal mess—including his Friends of Angelo V.I.P. program—that could take B of A a few years and a whole lot of money to clean up. What investors fear above all is that B of A’s $3 billion purchase price will turn out to be the mergers-and-acquisitions equivalent of a modest down payment on a grand old mansion that’s now so riddled with termites and toxic mold that the bank will have to spend an additional $10 billion to $30 billion to bring it up to code. The money pit consists mainly of the mortgages that Countrywide carried on its books as an investment at the end of the first quarter. As of March 31, 4.16 percent of those mortgages were in default or foreclosure, compared with 1.65 percent six months before and just 0.66 percent at the end of 2006. This makes for a trend line that big investors might well try to fashion into a noose for Lewis if housing markets like California and Florida fail to stabilize soon. In closing on its purchase of Countrywide, B of A must mark to market its $95 billion mortgage portfolio to something approaching a real price—a process that analysts expect to be ugly. “A year and a half from now, Ken Lewis is going to sit down and tell somebody over drinks, ‘I wish I had walked away from Countrywide,’ ” says Paul Miller, an analyst at FBR Capital Markets, who predicts a $28 billion markdown, give or take a few billion. People inside B of A, though, insist that Lewis is holding firm. In addition to being what is still the busiest mortgage lender in the country—Bank of America is fifth—Countrywide also remains the country’s largest mortgage servicer, handling the billing and other administrative tasks for nearly $1.5 trillion in loans. Servicing is a business of scale and data-processing precision in which Countrywide’s growth has long set the pace and Bank of America has lagged. Shifting B of A’s $530 billion portfolio onto Countrywide’s servicing platform could result in significant operating economies and better profit margins. Like all gamblers, Lewis needs to be lucky as well as good. Bank of America’s C.E.O. excels at the tricky, painstaking work of postmerger integration but exerts no control whatsoever over the great X factor on which his job security apparently now hangs: housing-market fundamentals. He has told analysts that all is going according to plan. “All I can say is nothing has happened that is out of the boundaries of what we contemplated when we did the deal,” he said during a recent Deutsche Bank conference call. On the call, Allen Puwalski of Paulson & Co. pressed Lewis, saying that housing prices could well decline much more than the consensus forecast of 25 percent. “If that’s the case,” Lewis retorted, “we’ll be worried about Countrywide, but we’ll be worried about a lot of other things too—and not just at Bank of America.”   Related LinksAngelo's Many 'Friends'Mortgage Brokers, RIPAngelo's Fannie Pack
Life of the Party
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
True, he was buried with a cell phone in his hand. But despite that modern touch, Warren Cowan’s death, at 87, signaled the end of an era. If celebrity is a commodity in Hollywood, then Cowan was one of its pioneer traders. (View slideshow.) Rogers & Cowan, the company that he and Henry Rogers started in 1950, remains one of the powerhouse imagemaking outfits in town. (It was bought in 1987 by Shandwick, which is now a subsidiary of the Interpublic Group of companies.) Cowan’s life spanned the rise of the celebrity publicist. Every powerful flack in town started out at his firm: Pat Kingsley was his secretary; Alan Nierob and Paul Bloch—who were among the pallbearers at his funeral—fetched his coffee. The consummate Hollywood P.R. man, who in recent years had announced other passings (most recently Joey Bishop’s) to the world, received his sendoff at a standing-room-only service in May at Mount Sinai Memorial Park in Los Angeles. Eva Marie Saint read a statement from longtime client Paul Newman, who praised Cowan for bringing an “uncommon dignity” to his work. Among the mourners, more than one person remarked, were the ghosts of those whose press Cowan had finessed, among them Lucille Ball, Gary Cooper, Judy Garland, Cary Grant, and Frank Sinatra. Cowan invented the modern Oscar campaign in 1944 by leaking a story about Mildred Pierce’s “promising” Academy Award chances when the film was just three weeks into shooting. “If we don’t have anything to publicize, let’s create it,” he once famously said. Cowan founded his last firm, Warren Cowan & Associates, in 1994. He learned he had melanoma only three weeks before he died, and the tireless P.R. man spent part of his final day with his staff gathered around him: He wanted to make sure everything was ready for an event honoring Wayne Newton.Related LinksIdle Chatter: Actors' Strike, 'Arrested Development,' morePeeking Under the TableHollywood Ending: Guilty
Kitchen Confidential
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
Was Martha as tough to work for as people say? Martha is a force of nature. The first time I went to meet her in prison, I’d seen our designers’ plans for a new bedding line. I said, “God, they were really beautiful, Martha.” She said, “Did you want them? If you don’t want them, they’re not good enough.” So, yeah, she can be a real taskmaster. But there’s a pursuit of excellence that’s hard to deny. What was it like visiting her in prison? I went to see her every other week. I wasn’t allowed to ask what I should do, but I could inform her of what we were doing. We’d spend four or five hours together. We played a lot of Scrabble. You’ve been rumored to be in line for a number of jobs, including Time Inc. C.E.O. What’s it going to be? Honestly, I don’t know. I want to spend some time traveling, reading, thinking, and listening. Why are you leaving? I said to Martha when I came to the company that I would put a great management team in place. At a certain point, you need to step aside so they can do what they came to do. In your prior job as head of programming at ABC, you helped launch Desperate Housewives. Which  housewife are you? Felicity Huffman. The idea of carrying a significant job and raising kids, and the chaos that ensues, certainly rang a bell. What was your worst day at Martha Stewart? The day we met with Eddie Lampert to see if there was a new contract to be done with Kmart and realizing we were so far apart, it was hopeless. We knew the value of our brand to them, and I think he felt we had no other options and could hardball us. Best day? The day Martha came back to the company. And the day we could say we were profitable again. That was a fun earnings call. Is there one Martha Stewart product you can’t live with­out? The lemon zester. It’s just a miracle. Related LinksMartha Stewart: Banned in BritainWhen Public Companies are Still Private FiefsMore Influence than Anxiety at the 'Time 100'
God Wants Me to Be Rich
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
Who will save us? Who will lift us up from crushing credit-card debt and resetting mortgage payments and impending foreclosure, from increasing gas prices and decreasing health-insurance coverage? We are a nation stumbling through our worst financial crisis in a generation and our worst housing market in a lifetime. And so we come, seeking gentle salvation, inspiring prayers, steadying words, soothing notions, and calming thoughts that will allow us to become, in Joel Osteen’s words, “victors, not victims.” We are in Greensboro, North Carolina, making our way into the downtown arena through the hot, buggy air, to worship with the pastor who will save us, the man anointed, by one of his congregants, as “Reverend Feelgood.” Sixteen thousand will file in this evening, as have millions more to coliseums, concert venues, and baseball stadiums around the country—all, in a way, his churches. (View a slideshow that tallies the budgets of some of the biggest churches.) We are a diverse, representative swath of troubled America: families struggling under debt, husbands and wives seeking reconciliation, young couples on first dates, children dragged by pious grandparents who promise them popcorn and BibleMan action figures. It is religion as escapism, criticized throughout the Bible Belt as “Christianity lite” or “prosperity gospel.” But this murmuring crowd, slouching toward a kinder, gentler salvation, is a more telling indicator of the state of our union than consumer durables purchased or capital goods ordered. Unemployment they know; they don’t need to wait for the Bureau of Labor Statistics to publish a monthly number. O, but come to Joel, lift your hands to Jesus, banish your negative thoughts, and you can find in these dark times a beacon. If, in this country, there is great hurting, then Osteen is here to soothe that suffering. He does not wish that pain on any of us, and the sight or thought of it will bring forth from him great torrents of tears—his eyes clamped shut, his fingers pressed into narrow eye sockets, his lips pulled back over pink gums as he grimaces. The crying has become a visual touchstone of an Osteen sermon, the born-again equivalent of James Brown’s pre-encore collapse from “exhaustion.” Joel feels our pain and has made himself wealthy (reportedly earning $13 million for his last book advance alone) and his church prosperous ($75 million and counting in annual revenue) by urging us to let go of it, to turn it over to God, to accept God’s favor so that we may be as prosperous as Joel. There was always a strain of American Puritanism that pointed to Scripture as justification for asserting that wealth is somehow godly. But ever since evangelical Christianity separated from the mainline faiths in the early 20th ­century, some preachers have gone further and linked their focus on personal piety to financial success. The big-tent revivals of the 1930s promised the dust-bowl destitute the possibility of finding Jesus and their next meal just by listening to a fire-and-brimstone message. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, televangelists like Jim Bakker and Jimmy Swaggart made prosperity gospel big business, capitalizing on that era’s economic uncertainties to win over a new generation of acolytes, before those ministries were brought down by scandal. Osteen is one of a new breed of televangelists—Joyce Meyer, T.D. Jakes, and Creflo Dollar are also rising stars—who are preaching a less sanctimonious, more inclusive message. His church is in that part of the economy that thrives in troubled times, that can count on full pews when wallets are empty and an ever more receptive audience if we do go into a full-on recession.   Osteen hasn’t necessarily tailored his message for the downturn. Instead, he has continued his feel-good preaching, his exhortations to focus on the positive and banish negative thoughts, his reminders that God wants you to have a good job, a beautiful home, and decent cash flow. His vast ministry has become, in effect, shelter from the storm. “God wants you to have a big life,” Osteen reminds his flock. “That is his blessing. God has a big dream for your life.” We live in a time of miraculous congregations. Osteen’s Lakewood Church, in Houston, is the largest in the United States, with 45,000 regular weekly attendees and 7 million more tuning in. His television show is the most-watched inspirational program in America and is seen in 100 countries around the world. He has sold 7 million copies of his two books, Your Best Life Now and Become a Better You. Podcasts of his sermons are downloaded 4.5 million times a month. He preaches to more than 15,000 people at a time in the basketball arena turned sanctuary that is Lakewood Church. His pulpit stands near the spot where Hakeem Olajuwon helped the Houston Rockets win two consecutive N.B.A. titles. But the Rockets, who have since moved across town, never put as many people in the seats as Osteen does. Osteen will tell you that his success is a result of God’s favor, that his message is God’s message, and that all that he has achieved is a blessing from God. Clearly, he is more than just an inspiring pastor; he is also a master marketer and—pardon me for saying this, Joel—a damn good chief executive. He presides over an empire that takes in tens of millions of dollars a year and has been growing at a boom-time pace. (Though Osteen gives a significant portion of his book and CD earnings to the church, his take is still ample enough to allow him and his family to live in 5,000 square feet of leopard-skinned luxury in one of Houston’s tonier neighborhoods.) Rough economic times, Osteen believes, make the business of saving souls that much richer. “I would think that our message would have increased relevancy in a time of economic uncertainty. I think people want to know that God is taking care of you. As it gets darker, I think the brighter message shines.” Joel’s father, john osteen, was a pastor who dissociated himself from the Southern Baptist Church to start his own congregation, Lakewood, in an abandoned feedstore in 1959. It was John who started the family march toward a more gentle Jesus, focusing on the goodness and love of God and downplaying the Old Testament anger and wrath. One of John’s prevailing themes, and the underpinning for much of Lakewood’s current message, can be found in one of his sermons: “It’s God’s will for you to live in prosperity instead of poverty. It’s God’s will for you to pay your bills and not be in debt. It’s God’s will for you to live in health and not in sickness all the days of your life.” Joel is the second youngest of six siblings, and the one considered least likely to take the pulpit. To say that he was a quiet child would be an understatement. The diminutive boy—he would grow six inches after he graduated from high school—was easy to underestimate. As his lifelong friend Johnny McGowan says, “On the basketball court, guys would take a look at Joel and say, ‘I’ll guard him,’ and then Joel would go right by them.” After a year at Oral Roberts University, Osteen dropped out to return to Houston, in part to care for his mother, Dodie, who was then recovering from cancer (a miracle regularly cited at Lakewood Church). He then married his wife, Victoria, and took a formal position at Lakewood, helping out with the television show and the design of the platform, as the stage around the pulpit is known, and eventually becoming the producer of Lakewood’s Sunday service. “Victoria would kid me because I would spend four hours adjusting a light,” Osteen says. “I learned you can’t separate the message from the presentation of that message.” It was perfect training for a 21st-­century televangelist. Osteen developed a keen understanding of the television market—time slots, lead-ins, cost per rating point—and to this day can tell you the top stations in most of his major markets. So passionate was he about the medium that he invested $2 million of Lakewood’s money for a stake in a television station, KTBU, in 1998, and an additional $6 million for the remainder in 2005. The independently operated station would turn out to be a wise purchase, returning $32 million when Lakewood sold it in 2006.  Even as he was making his father’s church more successful than ever throughout the mid-1990s, Osteen quietly grew frustrated with his father’s reluctance to expand as aggressively as Joel would have liked. “My dad didn’t have it in him. He just wouldn’t feel comfortable with that.” (In fact, Lakewood’s rapid expansion has put it $45 million in debt, thanks to a $75 million bank loan that is still far from being paid off.) Nevertheless, though three of his siblings were actively involved in the ministry, Osteen never considered taking the pulpit. “He was so uncomfortable onstage,” recalls Phil Cooke, a producer and consultant at Lakewood. “He was very uncomfortable in public. He always loved being behind the scenes.” One Sunday, Osteen agreed to deliver the sermon. He doesn’t know why and to this day asserts it was a kind of divine intervention, “a strong feeling of God” that compelled him to say yes to his father after saying no so many times. The story is often told of how Osteen gave his first sermon on January 17, 1999, as his father, who was suffering from kidney failure, lay in a hospital bed listening to it over the telephone. John Osteen passed away less than a week later. Joel Osteen’s ascension to the pulpit was fraught with uncertainty. He was so nervous about taking over the ministry that he canceled the time slots he had purchased for his father, assuming that no one would want to watch the telecast anymore. Victoria vetoed that. “You call them back right now,” she told him. He did and stayed on the air. At first, Osteen explains, he just wanted to maintain Lakewood’s 5,000-person congregation. It soon became clear, however, that not only was the congregation not shrinking, but the television audience was actually growing. Osteen was proving himself a natural, more personable than his father, easy on the eyes, with a kinder, softer voice. While Osteen’s message wins over the moderate masses, he has become anathema to more-traditional Southern Baptists. His appearance on Larry King Live in 2005, during which he waffled as to whether heaven was barred to Jews, Muslims, and atheists, was posted on YouTube as proof that Osteen doesn’t embrace the Gospel. And while Osteen is steadfastly Christian, he defers to God on the more contentious issues, recusing himself from condemning gays, for instance, or women who have had abortions. Spending time with Osteen and his team, one can sense their discomfort when issues that could anger more-­doctrinaire Christians are raised. Don Iloff, his brother-in-law and chief of communications, almost winces when I ask Osteen his views on intelligent design versus evolution. “I believe that God created it all,” Osteen says as he stakes out his usual middle ground. “I don’t know if it’s six literal days or 6 million years.” Osteen’s message of prosperity doesn’t always go over well either. Fellow megapastor Rick Warren has called the idea that God wants everybody to be rich “baloney.” And some conservative Christian ministers have been quick to dismiss Osteen as a lightweight or, worse, a heretic. Osteen adamantly believes that “God wants to give you your own house,” explaining, “He’s not having financial difficulties. He owns it all.” Much of the criticism of Lakewood, no doubt, stems from resentment at Osteen’s ministering to the largest and most financially successful church in America. He certainly makes an easy target, with the talk-show-host grin, the gelled hair, the bleached teeth, and the jocular manner. But there is no denying that his message, and his marketing of that message, is getting out to the world while so many other pastors are preaching to empty pews. Osteen dismisses the notion that he has watered down the Scriptures to win over worshippers. “It’s who we are,” he says. “The accessibility of my message doesn’t bother me a bit. Look, we deal with people who are fighting cancer, fighting to save their marriages, dealing with the death of loved ones. I don’t think they need to be beaten down. And I think the success of the message in the marketplace is because we are optimistic, encouraging.” Phil Cooke, a longtime colleague and the author of Branding Faith, says, “Oprah has a brand, Nike has a brand, and Joel Osteen has a brand. Joel has made his brand the inspiration brand.”   In person, the 45-year-old Osteen is certainly both optimistic and encouraging. As he sits in the family suite after Sunday services, taking a break before heading up to the editing bay, he has the calm, gentle gravity of a man who never raises his voice and never has to. Everyone leans in to hear Osteen. With his too-small eyes, a sharp nose, and thin lips with parenthetical dimples on each side, his long, drawn face is like a happy, joyous, and free version of Munch’s Scream. In his preacher’s slacks, yellow tie, and blue striped shirt, he has a disconcerting habit of seeming to run out of words before finishing his sentences; the effect is that you’re always left hanging, waiting for another word that might or might not come. “Have you read Good to Great?” Victoria asks me at one point, referring to the phenomenally selling business book. “Joel is a level-5 leader. He knows there is more than one way to get to a point, and he lets his people get to the point their way. He’s a true level-5—great delegator, great empowerer, great big-picture thinker.” Osteen’s boldest brainstorm was leasing the Compaq Center from the city of Houston in 2002 and investing $98 million to renovate it. For Osteen, who had always put a premium on the look and feel of the church, renovating and refitting a basketball arena as a sanctuary was both a great opportunity and a daunting challenge. The scale of the renovation—a five-floor office annex, two 30-foot waterfalls, and a children’s facility capable of hosting 5,000 kids while their parents are in the main sanctuary—was a logistical challenge better suited to Halliburton than a house of God. Osteen’s brother-in-law Kevin Comes, the chief operating officer and a former construction executive, was the point man on the project, but like almost all of Lakewood’s top executives, he deferred to Osteen: “Joel made the decision to do it right the first time. We gutted the place and started over.” Osteen was consulted on almost every major decision, responding with his usual quiet nod when he was presented with, for example, the new lighting scheme or platform design. The resulting church is a modern technological marvel and perhaps the most family-friendly worship venue in the world. Kidslife, the $25 million children’s facility, was designed by a group of former Disney staffers and provides care and religious services for the children of parents attending Lakewood. It has the look and feel of a giant version of a McDonald’s play area, only with neon lettering that refers to a verse in Philippians on the walls. Such a sterling facility is the logical extension of the Osteen brand. Last year, Lakewood generated $76 million in revenue, which amounts to just over $1,600 for every member of its congregation. Its take includes $44 million donated directly by congregants, who are asked to give 10 percent of their gross income; $10 million in product sales and sermon tapes; and $13 million brought in through direct-mail solicitations, up from about $6 million two years ago. The church’s greatest expense is the TV airtime it buys: $22 million last year to broadcast the show in more than 100 markets, a 10 percent annual increase in spending that is easy to justify. “Cutting back on airtime would be like saying we won’t be sending any trucks to deliver our product,” Comes says. An additional $13 million goes to administrative costs and salaries, and $9 million a year is spent on facilities and maintenance. Osteen hasn’t drawn a salary from the church since 2005. He bought his own home, for $331,500 in 1994, and pays to have his kids homeschooled. The considerable income from his books and related products (there were 19 spinoff calendars, daybooks, and inspirational pamphlets from his first book) goes to Osteen, who gives much of that—­people inside Lakewood say more than 50 percent of his income—to Lakewood ministries and other charities. That still leaves Osteen with plenty of “God’s favor.” The operation—the TV time, the basketball arena, the worship events staged across the country—should all simply be considered as, Comes points out, the delivery system for getting the product, Joel’s message, out to the marketplace. The goal of Lakewood’s 350 employees is to facilitate and spread that message. The return is measured in souls saved and lives changed. “We’re always looking for ways to get our message out there more efficiently; in that way, we’re no different from any other big brand, a Coke or a Starbucks,” Iloff says. But it takes revenue to win souls, and within the organization are constant discussions about how to most efficiently package the message. Osteen’s podcasts, which are free, consistently rank in the top 10 on iTunes, and Comes wonders aloud about how to monetize that. The team is not shy about dreaming big—and commercially. “We sit and try to imagine what our program would look like with a Coca-Cola logo on the front. We’re just looking into it,” Comes says. Still, when it comes down to “message versus revenue,” Comes says, “message always wins.” At Lakewood, message and revenue tend to work in blessed harmony. Duncan Dodds, Lakewood’s executive director, took the podium recently in Greensboro to make a few announcements before Osteen, the choir, the entertainers, and the rest of the Lakewood team began their Night of Hope. “We have great worship at Lakewood,” Dodds told the crowd of 16,000 still settling into their seats, “and that worship is for sale on CDs out on the concourse level.” One hears certain words repeated constantly by the Lakewood team. Meals, services, meetings, and even smoothly flowing traffic over on I-45 are described as awesome. The goal of every operation, sermon, television production, and even expenditure is excellence. And the ultimate purpose of all staffers is to spread the message. That message, functionally, serves as Lakewood’s core product. Sure, it is repackaged into books, CDs, DVDs, Bible covers, scented candles, cross necklaces, JESUS FREAK T-shirts, and coffee mugs, but those are all just ways to deliver the message.  The Osteens, like so many American families during the recent real estate boom, spent the better part of the past decade buying, renovating, and selling homes, and became so proficient in the process that Osteen and his wife were able to skip hiring a contractor for their last renovation and go directly to the subcontractors to complete their mansion. Coming off the boom, during which the average American dwelling doubled in size, the Osteens’ digs are more modest than one might guess. The house is decorated in a rococo style that Victoria has called “French” and Osteen calls “fancy.” Their son, Jonathan, 13, and daughter, Alexandra, 9, are homeschooled, in part because their parents’ schedule requires that their weekend be shifted to Monday and Tuesday. During breaks in their lessons, they can play in the elaborate treehouse or the fenced-in rabbit pen behind the house. As the actual weekend nears, Osteen rises at 5:30 a.m. to work on his sermons, which he delivers twice weekly. Osteen labors over them, speaking the words aloud as he types them into his computer. He considers the writing, shaping, and memorizing of his sermons to be the single most important part of his job. The message supports the whole enterprise, and he frequently turns to God to guide him when the burden of Lakewood, his success, or the scale of the church and business threatens to overwhelm him. “It’s just in me, God’s favor, faith, and hope.” He believes, resolutely, in the value of the product he is crafting in his office on those quiet mornings. “Very rarely will you find a company that produces a widget where everyone is mentally and spiritually into producing a better widget,” Osteen says. “There’s a purpose behind what we’re doing. We believe in our widget. We’re doing more than giving people a good time or a better toothbrush, because it’s hard to put in your heart and soul and sacrifice so much to make a better toothbrush.” Being backstage at a Joel Osteen worship event is remarkably similar to being at an N.B.A. game or a rock concert. Beefy security guards tell you where you can and can’t go. Crew members chow down on a buffet laid out by a local caterer and bark into walkie-talkies between bites. At some point, black Town Cars head down the long, curving driveway into the belly of the arena and drop off the pastors and performers, who retreat into private suites. The night is a celebration of music, state-of-the-art visual effects, and, of course, Christ. Lakewood spends a great deal of money attracting top gospel and Christian talent, and music minister Cindy Cruse-Ratcliff leads a team of Grammy Award winners, including gospel singer Israel Houghton. It’s a thumping occasion, with people dancing in the aisles and even the security guards singing along to “Come Just as You Are” and “We Have Overcome.” Osteen’s entire family is in the act. His mother, wife, and children often play parts in the service. But it’s Osteen himself we have come to see. He wins the crowd over with wholesome jokes and inspires with his sweet-voiced message. The sermon today is based on the notion of “hitting the DELETE button when you have those negative thoughts.” He urges us to banish that voice telling us, “I’ll never get that great job. I’ll never meet that special someone. I’ll never get married.” Hit the delete button, he urges, and reprogram your mind. “Just one inferior thought can keep you off balance and away from your God-given destiny.” The crowd is eager, multiracial, and well-intentioned. We want to hear good words, have uplifting thoughts, be inspired by a positive message. Who doesn’t? We are here to escape our worries, or even better, to overcome them with hope. These are uncertain times, and we all feel the pangs of doubt. Can we pay our mortgage? Will we keep our job? When will we finally achieve the plus-size life we have been visualizing? Listening to Osteen, it all sounds so easy. Delete those negative thoughts. Focus on the positive. We are victors, not victims. The highlight of every service is when Osteen asks those who are willing to turn their lives over to Jesus to stand up in the vast arena and make their commitment right then and there. It is an inspiring moment, filled with raised Bibles and palms outstretched to heaven; Osteen and some of the congregation are in tears. If we have been suffering, if we have been in pain, if we have dealt with financial insecurity, then this standing up, this raising of hands to heaven, this simple vow of faith, Osteen assures us, will start us on the road to wellness and prosperity. For a moment, as the choir sings, “When the battle is over / and the fighting is done / we’ll lay down our armor / the victories all won,” and the orange, red, and purple stage lights are flashing, and a halolike luminescence surrounds Osteen as he promises to free us from our fears, to lift us above our doubts, to lead us to prosperity and joy, I think about my own worries, my debts, my career, my woes. How tempting it would be to just stand and turn my will and life over to Jesus if, in exchange, I will be led down a righteous path of prosperity, taken in hand by Jesus, and Joel, and delivered to my gilded acre of the American dream. Yes, yes, why shouldn’t I stand? Because who am I not to want to be saved? Who doesn’t need a little bit of Joel in their life, tonight, every night, forever, leading us from this dark place to our promised land? Together, hands joined, shoulder to shoulder, we will march forward into our glorious future. Delete the negative thoughts, Joel preaches. Yes, yes, delete them. Related LinksThe Big Easy SellWhen Will Penmanship Become an Anachronism?Huge TV Audience Expected in China For Yao-Yi Showdown
Facebook Creeps Me Out
Wed, 16 Jul 2008 10:00:00 -0000
Bill Gates doesn’t get a lot of credit these days for being a visionary. But when it comes to his relationship with Facebook, he may still be a step ahead of the rest of us. The Sun, a British tabloid, reported this year that Gates had quit his half-hour-a-day Facebook habit, partly because he was getting more than 8,000 “friend” requests daily but also because he was finding “weird fan sites about him.” (View a slideshow of several "weird fan sites.") A Microsoft representative confirms that the boss has gone cold turkey but wouldn’t disclose whether Gates knew of a Facebook group called “Would you have sex with Bill Gates for half of his money?” Actually, it’s a wonder that Gates was on Facebook in the first place (Microsoft’s $240 million investment in it notwithstanding). Bill Gates obviously doesn’t need to schmooze on Facebook. And neither do you, despite the pressure you’ve doubtless felt to join it (because, y’know, everyone is on Facebook). Perhaps you’re like Ben Rosen, who co-founded venture-capital fund Sevin Rosen, which has bankrolled such companies as Electronic Arts and Compaq (which he once led as C.E.O.). Rosen is hardly averse to sharing personal information online; he says his blog, BenRosen.com, has become a small social network of sorts. But he has yet to use his Facebook account. “I’m trying to figure out the utility for me,” he says. Or perhaps, like Gates, you just find Facebook a little…creepy. Businesspeople often claim to use Facebook for vague “market research” purposes or to satisfy idle curiosity. But the social norms of social networking are still in flux, making privacy a real issue, says internet-marketing writer David Weinberger. “Younger people violate older people’s idea of proper behavior when it comes to privacy,” he says. “It’s kind of eerie how much information is available about you on a social network,” says Michael Fertik, C.E.O. of online-privacy service ­Reputation­Defender, “and how many conclusions, tentative or otherwise, can be made so handily, fairly or unfairly, based on that information.” Fertik estimates that all 55 of his employees use Facebook, and although he doesn’t, he’s unsettled by the all-consuming, constant-update M.O. it encourages. “I’ve seen a lot of quiet, passive-aggressive resentments and rumors that come from people just knowing that much about your business,” he says. “If you’re updating people, like, ‘I’m at a barbecue at my colleague’s house,’ someone you work with might ask, ‘Why am I not at that barbecue?’ ’’ The ease with which Facebook can be used to broadcast your whereabouts adds a particularly disturbing dimension for executives who would surround themselves with security in real life but are lulled into complacency by Facebook’s tidy veneer. Last year, the British military sent a directive to its army units to avoid revealing their service connections online—“Be particularly careful if you are on Facebook, MySpace, or Friends Reunited”—fearing that, yes, Al Qaeda could use them to track prey. Your business competitors might not be terrorists per se, but Facebook can be useful for anyone trying to poach your M.V.P.’s. Even social-networking evangelists are legitimately nervous about Facebook, given its fiasco last fall with Beacon, an advertising engine that automatically announced users’ activities on other sites—revealing their purchases, for example—without the users’ necessarily realizing that their every click was being chronicled. Facebook apologized, but that sort of unwitting dissemination of potentially sensitive information has strengthened the market for Connect­Beam, a consultancy that sets up secure social networks for the corporate intranets of Fortune 500 companies. “­Companies like Honeywell,” says Puneet Gupta, ConnectBeam’s C.E.O., “could not take a chance to put their information on someone else’s cloud”—meaning on the servers of a social-networking site the company doesn’t control. But Facebook’s ick factor in the executive suite might have as much to do with its shiny, happy world of “friendship” as with security. “There’s almost an inverse relationship between seriousness and how much you participate in social networking,” says ­ReputationDefender’s Fertik, laughing. That basically nails it: Facebook is simply unserious—particularly given how it prompts hard-driving business executives to regress into adolescent vernacular. “Poking” people, requesting “friends,” writing on someone’s “wall”: It’s cute when you’re in high school or college. But in a corporate environment, it sounds disingenuous and downright silly. Ultimately, Facebook candy-coats the true nature of business relationships. And it will rot your teeth.Related LinksFacebook Page? Or Exhibit A in Court?MySpace and Friends Need to Make Money. And Fast.Meebo and Facebook Chat

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