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The process of measurement involves estimating the ratio of the magnitude of a quantity to the magnitude of a unit of the same type (length, time, mass, etc.). A measurement is the result of such a process, expressed as the product of a real number and a unit, where the real number is the estimated ratio. An example is 9 metres, which is an estimate of an object's length relative to a unit of length, the metre. Unlike a count, or integer quantity of items that is known exactly, every measurement is an estimate that has some uncertainty.

A measurement is a comparison to a standard. -- William Shockley

By number we understand not so much a multitude of Unities, as the abstracted Ratio of any Quantity to another Quantity of the same kind, which we take for Unity. -- Sir Isaac Newton (1728)

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Dow Slides On Economic Fears
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 16:46:00 -0400
Stocks have fallen Thursday amid worries about the economy. The Dow Jones industrial average fell by more than 300 points. The slump is stocks Thursday followed an unexpected increase in the number of jobless claims.
Bike Messengers Branch Out
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 09:31:00 -0400
The bike messenger business is changing. Electronic document transfer — especially for legal documents — has cut into the business. But now, high gas prices and new bikes that can carry bigger loads mean that bike messengers are branching into bigger deliveries.
Boeing Machinists Reject Contract, Vote To Strike
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 06:00:00 -0400
Aircraft assembly workers at Boeing have voted to strike for an unprecedented second time in three years. But their contract has been extended 48 hours at the request of Washington Gov. Christine Gregoire and a federal mediator.

Latest financial news - CNNMoney.com

No job turnaround on horizon
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 16:43:54 -0400
Economists expect another weak job report when the government releases its August employment figures Friday. But many also are predicting job losses to continue deep into 2009 as well.
FDA warns on arthritis drugs
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 14:45:30 -0400
Read full story for latest details.
AIG shares fall on reports it may spin off assets
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 14:37:38 -0400
Read full story for latest details.

The Financial Page

James Surowiecki: What drives market volatility?
James Surowiecki Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
American investors are frazzled. True, oil prices have fallen from their most vertiginous highs, the dollar is a bit stronger, and the stock market has actually risen over the past month. But none of those things have happened in a smooth and steady fashion. The stock market’s “ascent,” in particular . . .
James Surowiecki: Too many stakeholders can be a deal-breaker.
James Surowiecki Mon, 04 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
In the second decade of the twentieth century, it was almost impossible to build an airplane in the United States. That was the result of a chaotic legal battle among the dozens of companies--including one owned by Orville Wright--that held patents on the various components that made a . . .
James Surowiecki: Sponsoring Recklessness
James Surowiecki Mon, 21 Jul 2008 04:00:00 -0000
When do the words “not guaranteed” actually mean “guaranteed”? Whenever the mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are involved. The two companies have long been required to tell investors that their securities are not guaranteed by the federal government. But in the financial markets everyone has always assumed that . . .

Reuters: Business News

Global growth, U.S. job fears hammer Wall Street
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 16:33:34 -0400
NEW YORK (Reuters) -Wall Street had its steepest decline in more than two months on Thursday, as more signs of weakness in the labor market and increasingly sluggish growth overseas fueled fears about the ability of the U.S. economy to stage a recovery.
Lehman weighs real estate spinoff: report
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 16:40:02 -0400
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc is considering a plan to put some $32 billion of its commercial real estate and mortgage assets in a new company and spin it off, Bloomberg reported on its website on Thursday.
Hedge fund Atticus denies liquidation rumors: report
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:27:54 -0400
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Hedge fund company Atticus Capital denied market rumors it was liquidating its positions and closing down and said it had a large net capital position and was looking for investment opportunities, the Wall Street Journal reported on Thursday.

ABC News: Money

Stocks Plummet After Retail, Unemployment Data
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 18:03:32 -0400
Wall Street plunges as retail sales reports, jobless data add to market's gloom.
Political Fundraising: Clooney vs. Brimley
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 16:44:35 -0400
McCain and Obama roll out the stars as they fight it out for the presidency.
Dallas Fed President Sees 'Anemic' Growth
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 17:54:01 -0400
Richard Fisher says inflation is too big a risk to ignore.

BBC News | Business | UK Edition

UK food prices rise 8.3% in 2008
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 23:07:46 -0000
UK food prices have risen by 8.3% since the start of this year, according to the BBC's new Food Price Index.
Economy worries hit world markets
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 21:26:28 -0000
European and US shares fall on more fears over the state of the economy and the prospect of slower Eurozone growth.
Bank keeps UK interest rate at 5%
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:16:05 -0000
The Bank of England holds interest rates at 5% for a fifth month as it balances a weak economy and high inflation.

The Economist: Business

Correction: Correction: The business of sport
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:30:35 -0000
CorrectionA table in our special report on sport (“Fun, games and money”, August 2nd) put the value of Fiat’s three-year sponsorship of Juventus, an Italian football club, at $134m. The correct figure is $46.8m. Apologies. ...
Executive compensation in China: False options
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:30:35 -0000
A study of share options reveals a vast amount of untouched wealthHOW executives are rewarded is one of the many mysteries of China’s increasingly powerful companies. Unravelling it is important, not least because it should help to explain corporate China’s transformation from a state-controlled to a consumer-driven creature.Research on this question has been surprisingly sparse. A new study by Zhihong Chen and Yuyan Guan, of the City University of Hong Kong, and Bin Ke, of Pennsylvania State University, casts a rare beam of light. However, its main achievement is to reveal how little is understood about the incentive structure of Chinese business. ...
Cars: The road ahead
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 12:30:35 -0000
The world’s carmakers have mapped out their route to a greener futureTHERE is nothing like high oil prices, panic-selling of big cars and the prospect of swingeing new penalties on carbon-spewing vehicles to concentrate the minds of the world’s carmakers. In less than two years something remarkable has happened. Technologies once regarded by horsepower-obsessed marketing departments as politically correct public-relations fluff, never likely to see the light of day, are entering the mainstream just as fast as the car firms can get them there. Only 18 months ago it was common to hear Toyota’s pioneering Prius hybrid joked about as a funny-looking niche vehicle with which Hollywood stars could painlessly flaunt their green credentials. Although General Motors (GM) had exhibited a plug-in hybrid concept car, called the Chevrolet Volt, early in 2007, hardly anyone took seriously the claim that it might reach production in 2010. And just ten months ago carmakers in America were lining up to lobby Congress against proposed legislation that would oblige them to achieve a fleet-average fuel consumption of 35 miles per gallon (mpg) by 2020. It simply could not be done, they wailed. ...

Business News - UPI.com

Grain trading mixed in Chicago Thursday
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 18:50:58 -0400
CHICAGO, Sept. 4 (UPI) -- Grain prices trading was mixed on the Chicago Board of Trade Thursday as crude oil prices fell and Russia upped its total grain yield expectations.
Crude oil supplies drop in week
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 18:14:47 -0400
WASHINGTON, Sept. 4 (UPI) -- U.S. crude oil inventories dropped by 1.9 million barrels in the week ending Aug. 29, the U.S. Energy Information Administration said Thursday.
Crude oil prices notch down Thursday
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 18:00:47 -0400
NEW YORK, Sept. 4 (UPI) -- Crude oil prices fell Thursday, pressured by a stronger U.S. dollar and weak global economies.
Unpaid fuel bills delay flights in Russia
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 17:46:38 -0400
MOSCOW, Sept. 4 (UPI) -- KrasAir pilots may need to carry cash in the future after two flights to Moscow were delayed recently when an airport refused their credit at the fuel pump.
Sony recalls Vaio TZ-series laptops
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 17:12:28 -0400
WASHINGTON, Sept. 4 (UPI) -- The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a voluntary recall of Sony Vaio TZ-series notebook computers due to a burn hazard.
UPI NewsTrack Business
Thu, 04 Sep 2008 17:05:37 -0400
U.S. markets fall far and hard Thursday ... Midwest may dodge Chapter 11 filing ... American Airlines sends out 469 pink slips .... Toys 'R' Us ups the ante on crib safety ... News from United Press International.

 
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