Prototypes or prototypical instances combine the most representative attributes of a category. A prototype is the stage before the final design. They are the best examples among the members of a category and serve as benchmarks against which the surrounding "poorer" instances are categorized (see Prototype Theory). See also: Categorization, Semantics
In many fields, there is great uncertainty as to whether a new design will actually do what is desired. New designs often have unexpected problems. A prototype is built to test the function of the new design before starting production of a product.
Building the full design is often expensive and can be time-consuming. Sometimes, rather than building the full design, figuring out what the problems are, then building another full design, "rapid-prototyping" or "rapid application development" techniques are used for the initial prototypes, which implement part, but not all, of the complete design. This allows manufacturers to rapidly and inexpensively test the parts of the design that are most likely to have problems, solve those problems, and then build the full design.
More on [ Prototype ]

Accurate Circuit Engineering - Specializing in quickturn 24 hour turnaround for multilayer prototype boards.
Accutrace, Inc. - Santa Clara based design and fabrication of prototype circuit boards.
Meta Description: [ We Ship Protos Same Day! Now get INSTANT on-line Quote. Your source for high quality Printed Circuit Boards. From prototype to production of single,double,and multilayer. ]
Advance Circuit Technology, Inc. - Offers thickfilm hybrid circuit design and manufacturing, surface mount and through hole printed circuit board assembly, final assembly, and testing.
Meta Description: [ Contract electronic manufacturing and thickfilm hybrid design located in Rochester New York. Complete turnkey solutions from prototype to production. ]
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Advanced Circuits - Printed circuit board manufacture specializing in engineering prototypes and quickturn production.
Advanced Circuits - Circuit board manufacturer specializing in engineering prototypes.
Meta Description: [ Advanced Circuits is a printed circuit board manufacturer producing high quality, low cost barebones pcb's and prototype printed circuit boards. ]
Advanced Electronic Assembly, Inc - Assembles PCBs to specific requirements. Specializes in quick turn prototype assembly but also can handle full production runs.
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Amitron Technology Center - Specializes in quick turn printed circuit boards and PCB prototype fabrication, including single sided, double sided and multilayer boards.
Meta Description: [ Amitron Corporation manufactures printed circuit boards (ISO 9002/QS 9000 certified), from double sided to multilayer, quick turn prototype design to high volume production. ]
Ampel - Quick turn prototypes up to 14 layers. Chicago, IL, USA.
Meta Description: [ Ampel Incorporated manufactures printed circuit boards (ISO 9002 certified), from double sided to multilayer, quick turn prototype design to high volume production. ]
AP Circuits - Alberta Printed Circuits Ltd. Double sided, plated through hole, printed circuit boards specializing in quick turn small quantity orders of up to 2000 sq. in. per order.
Bay Area Circuits Inc. - Manufacturers of printed circuit boards, specializing in prototype and production runs. Three types of service: quickturn prototype for quickturn engineering, pilot 2 for pre-production evaluation, production 3 for production runs.
BJ Enterprises Innovations Inc. - Design, prototyping, and manufacturing services for circuit boards, including case machining.
Circuit Express - Rapid response, prototype printed circuit boards up to 44 layers, 4/4 mil, including FR4, polyimide, and teflon. Tempe, AZ, USA.
Circuit Services - Turn-key service to handle printed circuit board manufacturing and assembly requirements. Louisiana, USA.
Meta Description: [ Circuit Services, Inc. Since 1979 Our quality conscious, dedicated and highly skilled employees have been producing Printed Circuit Boards which in most cases exceeds our customer's requirements. ]
Cirexx Corporation - Quick turn printed circuit boards, specializing in RF, mixed signal, Rogers, hybrids, flex and rigid flex. 1 Day to 2 week lead times.
Meta Description: [ Cirexx provides design, fabrication and assembly solutions for printed circuit boards(PCB). Specializing in quick turn high-end printed circuit boards including flex circuits, rigid-flex, micro vias, FR-4 and DUROID. ]
Concise Electronic - Providing design services including specification, circuit design and simulation, PCB layout, testing and manufacture.
Meta Description: [ Electronic Engineer. Contract design of electronic circuits including pcb layout, analog and digital design, Pic microcontroller programming, Xilinx fpga design, telecomms. ]
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Crossroads Electronics - Manufacture and repair to electronic industrial, instrumentation circuits and equipment. Based in Australia.
Custom PCB Inc. - PCB prototypes made. Offering double sided prototypes up to 4 x 8, 12 mils.
Meta Description: [ We specialize in custom PCB fabrication and PCB prototypes. PCB manufacturing ]
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Dynell Electronics - Offers PCB design, prototyping, graphics and Windows software development. Located in Western Australia.
Meta Description: [ iiNet specialises in super fast ADSL2+ broadband. Get the fastest speeds around, up to 24,000kbps - ordinary broadband
just isn't the same. We also have the greatest ADSL2+ coverage in Australia. ]
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E.E. International, Inc. - One stop PCB services from design to turnkey manufacturing.
Meta Description: [ PCB Design, Schematic, Layout, Prototype, Fabrication, Assembly, Turn-key Manufacturing ]
ECD, Inc. - Supplier of quick-turn prototype 2 to 4 layer circuit boards up to 20 pieces with no tooling charges. Site includes pricing, required design rules, company profile, and industry links.
Meta Description: [ PCB prototype - Prototype circuit board manufacturers. PCB Express serves the printed circuit board industry. ]
FlexOne Technologies Inc. - Offer prototype PCB assembly with on-line ordering.
Meta Description: [ Electronic manufacturing and PCB assembly of prototypes that are quick turn and high quality. ]
Garner Osborne Circuits Ltd - Prototype PCB manufacturer. Small to medium volumes with fast turnaround to ISO and UL standards all processes in house.
Meta Description: [ UK PCB manufacturer specialising in high quality prototype and multilayer printed circuit boards. Request a fast quote online - low cost, fast turnaround, reliable delivery. ]
Guarnieri Engineering Associates - Provides depot repair and prototyping services to the electronics industry.
Meta Description: [ Functional Testing and Printed Circuit Board Engineering, Calibration, Test & Repair ]
Hughes Circuits - Fast, reliable, cost-effective manufacture of high tech and difficult to manufacture PCB's.
Imagineering Inc - Quickturn prototype to production volume of printed circuit boards. Site includes capabilities list and online instant price quote.
Meta Description: [ We Ship Protos Same Day! Now get INSTANT on-line Quote. Your source for high quality Printed Circuit Boards. From prototype to production of single,double,and multilayer. ]
Interprint - Prototype and small series 1 and 2 sided PCBs. Offers polycarbonate and aluminum panels. Roden, the Netherlands. Site in Dutch and English.
Jet Technologies - Specializing in quickturn engineering prototypes and pre-production printed circuit boards. Established in 1971, manufacturer of all types of printed circuit boards.
Meta Description: [ Jet Technologies manufactures printed circuit boards from single sided to multilayer, production and prototype, quickturn and standard delivery, using automated optical test (AOT) and following IPC standards. ]
Keimac Circuit Solutions - Prototype service for one or two layer boards milled with LPKF circuit board milling machine. 2 day turn-around.
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Kepro Circuit Systems, Inc. - Offers products, materials and supplies for prototype and short run PC board production such as CAD software, copper clad laminates, chemicals, and equipment.
KimchuK, Inc. - Contract manufacturing and engineering services featuring circuit board design and assembly, ball grid array, BGA rework, ball grid array x-ray, box build to product packaging. Complete turn-key. Danbury Facility.
Meta Description: [ KimchuK, Inc. an ISO 9002 SGS-Danbury CT Facility is one of leading Contract Manufacturing and Engineering Service Corporations worldwide.Virtual Lobbies - Engineering, Printed Circuit Board Design, Sheet Metal Design and Fabrication, ATE Testing, Product Design and Prototypes,Contract Manufactur... ]
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LeftRight PCB - PCB layout and design supported by 30 years experience in RF and high-speed digital engineering.
Lindsey Enterprises - Provides PWB layout / design services. Prototype and short run assembly. Update and redesign services.
Meta Description: [ prototype & short run assembly, electronic design, PWB design ]
Midwest Printed Circuit Services - Manufacturer of prototype high technology circuit boards, including solid solder deposit (SSD) fabrication. Illinois, USA. Site includes company capabilities, list of factory equipment, and a technical description and photos of SSD.
Nashua Circuits, Inc. - Specializing in quick delivery of prototype printed circuit boards and small to medium size pre-production orders.
Nationwide Circuits, Inc. - Specializes in quick turn around prototypes and low volume production of single sided, multilayer, and flex PCBs.
500
Nova Engineering, Inc. - Colorado electronic contract manufacturer; consigned and turnkey production; quick turn SMT and through hole circuit assembly and box build products; prototype to medium volume.
Olimex - Offering fast double side PCB prototypes for $26 in 3-5 days turnaround with soldermask and silkscreen component mark.
Meta Description: [ Quality PCB prototypes ]
PCB Milling - Offers mechanical milling and drilling for home enthusiasts and low-quantity prototyping up to 2 layers, FR4, with no photoplots necessary. Site also provides a good tutorial for beginners.
Praegitzer Industries Inc. - Offering schematic capture, PCB layout, PCB quickturn, rapid prototype through volume production. With multiple manufacturing sites.
Precision Technologies, Inc. - Prototype single, double sided to 12 layers shipped in same-day with on-line quote, order, status.
Meta Description: [ PCB - A printed circuit board manufacturer specializing in low cost, high-quality multi-layer, prototype and production printed circuit boards with the fastest turn around time available. ]
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Proto Engineering - Specializes on multilayer and double-sided pcbs. Offers quick-turn prototype pcbs, pre-production and production quantities.
Prototron Circuits - Prototype and quick-turn printed circuit board manufacturer providing time to market solutions.
Meta Description: [ Prototron Multilayer Circuit Boards is the industry leader printed circuit board manufacturer. ]
Ship Co. Ltd - Manufacturer of PCBs, specializing in fast turn round prototypes. Capabilities include single sided, double sided, multilayer, hard/soft gold over nickel PCB's.
Meta Description: [ Ship Company Ltd has been a manufacturer of Printed Circuit Boards since 1975. Main business is quick Prototypes, Single/Double Sided PCBs and Multilayer PCBs. ]
Sierra Proto Express - Specializing in quick turn prototypes and medium production. Equipment includes direct imaging, to do 4/4 with aspect ratio of 10 to 22 layers on a .185-inch thick board.
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Tabtronics, Inc. - Specializes in the assembly of circuit boards, custom cable assemblies and control panel instrumentation fabrication and assembly. Specializing in prototype to medium production quantities.
Meta Description: [
Our specialty at Tabtronics, Inc. is the assembly of circuit boards,
custom cable assemblies and control panel instrumentation fabrication
and assembly. Our surface mount capabilities includes an automatic pick
and place machine with a capacity of 2000 parts per hour with a minimum
lead pi... ]
Tech Circuits, Inc. - Multilayer, double-sided, and single sided printed circuit boards specializing in prototype and pre-production delivery cycles. Wallingford, CT, USA.
TekniCircuits Inc. - Manufacturing of prototype circuit boards up to 16 layers, offering quick turn and 24 hour prototypes.
Meta Description: [ A leading supplier of quality pcb multilayers, made in the USA since 1970. Specializing in quick turn prototypes with 24 hour service available. ]
The PCB-Pool - Low-volume circuit board manufacturing that offers a marketplace for designers to pool circuits onto a single panel, sharing NRE costs. Site includes software for download and a forum for PCB related questions. Ireland. Site in English and German.
Meta Description: [ Printed Circiut Boards for a pool discount price. Sharing the costs with other developers. Get industrial quality. ]
United Circuits - Manufacture of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry. Single-sided, double-sided and multilayer printed circuit boards for prototyping, pre-production and production.
Meta Description: [ United Circuits U.S Manufacturer of Printed Circuit Boards. Specializiied manufacturing of printed circuit boards, single-sided, double-sided and multilayer printed circuit boards. ]
Wara Micro Circuit - Printed circuit board manufacturer.
Meta Description: [ maximize your knowledge ]
Welcome to Varian, Inc. - Varian, Inc. is a world leader in providing key tools and technologies that enable advances in life sciences, pharmaceutical, industrial, and health care research, semiconductor processing, and telecommunications industries.
Meta Description: [ Varian, Inc. is a global technology company that builds leading-edge tools and solutions for diverse, high-growth applications in life science and industry. ]
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