Roofs are one of the universal structures found on all buildings. Their purpose is primarily to shed water off the building and to prevent it from accumulating on top. To achieve this goal, Roofs may be highly pitched (sloped) or low sloped in form. Low sloped roofs are commonly found on industrial/commercial type structures. Pitched roofs are the primary design found on residential homes. The most common type of low sloped roof for industrial/commercial structures are the conventional built-up-roof (BUR), modified bitumen, or single plies (EPDM, PVC, TPO). Metal standing seam roofs are becoming increasingly common on low sloped roof assemblies.
Residential roof designs in mild climates or where there is little precipitation tend to exhibit lower pitched roofs and drainage at the exterior wall; an example of residential flat roof is that of the adobe construction in the American Southwest. In northern climates, where temperatures drop below freezing, or in southern climates with high temperatures, the need for greater thermal resistance will dictate the type of roof design as well as the waterproofing membrane specification. In areas that have a high accumulation of snow, such as Buffalo USA or Montreal Canada, a minimum slope of 6 inches in 12 inches (6/12) of roof surface is required. Roof pitches may exceed 45 or 50 degrees.
Cool roofs and green roofs are becoming increasingly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high emissivity. Green roofs have soil placed over the waterproofing membrane in which plants and even trees are planted.
More on [ Roof ]
Rooftop :: Gardens
Stormwater :: Water Resources

Applying Green Roofs to Schools - Article by Katrin Scholz-Barth from HOK on the benefits of green roofs on schools.
Center for Green Roof Research at Penn State University - To demonstrate and promote green roof research, education, and technology in the Northeastern United States. Includes news, research, faculty profiles, and links.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to the Center for Green Roof Research at the Pennsylvania State University ]
City of Chicago: City Hall Rooftop Garden - Includes design considerations, construction timeline, plants and landscaping [PDF], and monitoring methods and results.
D.C. Greenworks - Nonprofit organization in Washington, D.C. providing job training and design, consulting, and installation services relating to rainwater management.
Earth Pledge Green Roofs Initiative - Supporting the creation of green roofs upon New York City's flat rooftops. Includes rationale, research, projects, workshops, and resources.
EDC Magazine: Green Roofs: Stormwater Management From the Top Down - Article by Katrin Scholz-Barth of HOK discussing green roofs in an urban setting.
Meta Description: [ Environmental Design + Construction (ED+C), the premier source for integrated high-performance building, is dedicated to efficient and sustainable design and construction. ]
Green Roofs Cool City Rooftop Gardens in Chicago to Fight Smog, Heat - Why city officials are encouraging green roofs.
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Green Roofs for Healthy Cities - Dedicated to creating a green roof marketplace in North America. Includes news, upcoming events, FAQ, projects, public policies, and research.
Greenroofs.com - Information about green roof architecture including history, advantages and issues, plant lists, markets in North America and Europe, case studies, events, and links.
LIDC: Green Roofs - Includes design plans, specifications, costs, and maintenance.
Livingroofs.org - Non-profit UK organisation promoting green roofs. Includes roof types, benefits, issues, research, list of applications in the UK, case studies, and suppliers.
Meta Description: [ Independent UK green roof resource for planners, developers, architects and all interested parties wishing to design, install or promote green roofs in the urban environment, for biodiversity, economic or sustainable development reasons ]
National Geographic News: Plant-Covered Roofs Ease Urban Heat - The promotion of green roofs by city governments in Canada, Japan, and the United States.
Meta Description: [ Concrete jungles are going green, as city planners turn to rooftop gardens to bring down the heat, reduce storm water runoff, and save energy. Toronto, Canada, is the most recent city to join the movement, with the announcement of a million-dollar green roof project. ]
Northwest EcoBuilding Guild: Green Roof Project - Developing the technology for wide-scale residential application in the Pacific Northwest. Includes photo gallery, plant list, soils, monitoring options, and links.
Portland Environmental Services: Ecoroof Program - Includes program information and links to PDF documents.
Meta Description: [ Learn about the benefits of a vegetated roof system ]
Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce : Green Building Starts at the Top - Article by Elizabeth Daniel about the architecture and its application in Seattle.
Meta Description: [ Green building starts at the top ]
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