The phrase research and development (also R and D or R&D) has a special commercial significance apart from its conventional coupling of scientific research and technological development. It is generally added the innovation (R+D+I).
In general, R&D activities are conducted by specialized units or centers belonging to companies, universities and state agencies.
In the context of commerce, "research and development" normally refers to future-oriented, longer-term activities in science or technology, using similar techniques to scientific research without pre-determined outcomes and with broad forecasts of commercial yield.
More on [ Research and development ]
Research and Development :: Pharmaceuticals

Aphton Corp. - Develops products using vaccine-like technology for neutralizing hormones which participate in gastrointestinal system and reproductive system cancer and non-cancer diseases and the prevention of pregnancy. Based in Miami, Florida. (Nasdaq: APHT)
Archemix Corp. - Company developing therapeutics of aptamers, for the prevention and treatment of chronic and acute disease. Includes overview of technology and commercial potential, careers and contacts in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Meta Description: [ Archemix is the biopharmaceutical company leading the development of
aptamers as a new class of directed therapeutics for the prevention and
treatment of chronic and acute disease. Aptamer Therapeutics ]
Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - Receptor-based drug discovery in the fields of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, sleep disorders, neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, depression and anxiety. Comprehensive profile of company in San Diego, California. (Nasdaq: ARNA)
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AusAm Biotechnologies, Inc. - Developing diagnostics and drugs from core discoveries in protein and polysaccharide chemistry, including anti-viral attachment inhibitors. Includes research overview, distributors, and offices in Chicago and Santa Monica, California.
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AVI Biopharma, Inc. - Develops and commercializes a vaccine against human chorionic gonadotropin secreting cancers, and synthetic antisense technology to inhibit translation in treating cardiovascular, kidney and viral diseases. Research and manufacturing facilities in Corvallis, Oregon. (Nasdaq: AVII)
Meta Description: [ AVI BioPharma develops therapeutic products for the treatment of life-threatening diseases using two technology platforms: third generation NeuGene(tm) antisense drugs and cancer immunotherapy. ]
Avigen, Inc. - Develops gene-based therapeutic products derived from adeno-associated virus for the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases. Includes explanation of technology, product pipeline, collaborative partnerships and investment data, from manufacturing facility in Alameda, California. (Nasdaq: AVGN)
BioMep Inc. - Company founded in 1997 to develop new therapies for bone diseases. Outlines products under development and news from Montreal, Canada.
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BioSphings AG. - Development and marketing of products to treat viral infections, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Features product pipeline and company details. Frankfurt, Germany.
Meta Description: [ BioSphings, a biopharmaceutical company based in Frankfurt, Germany, focuses on the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. ]
Cue Biotech Inc. - Company focusing on G-protein coupled receptor signaling as targets for therapeutic products. Includes corporate data, partnering and technology overviews, with media resources, list of publications, and opportunities in Chicago, Illinois.
Meta Description: [ Cue BIOtech is a drug discovery company focused on bringing to market a portfolio of advanced therapeutics that target G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). ]
Curis, Inc - Developing small molecule and peptide drugs in regulatory signaling and regenerative pathways. Introduces technical background, product pipeline, collaborations, investment data and careers headquartered from Cambridge, Massachusetts. (Nasdaq: CVGP)
Meta Description: [ Curis is a therapeutic drug development company, focusing on regulatory pathways that control repair and regeneration using proteins or small molecules to modulate these pathways. ]
Cyano Biotech GmbH. - Identifies and characterises structural variants of polyketides and non-ribosomal cyclic heptapeptides from cyanobacteria, and optimises pharmacological activity using biocombinatorial techniques. Profile, collaborators and contacts in Germany.
Meta Description: [ Cyano Biotech identifies and characterises natural products by screening cyanobacteria and optimises bioactive compounds regarding harmacological needs employing combinatorial biosynthesis generating novel lead compounds for the pharma industry. ]
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Endocube - Engaged in the identification, validation and selection of novel drugable targets and product candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Profiles of technology, product pipeline and corporation in Labege, France.
EntreMed, Inc. - Researches and develops biopharmaceutical products which address the role of blood and blood vessels in the prevention and treatment of diseases by inhibiting growth or enhancing bioavailability of drugs. Based in Rockville, Maryland. (Nasdaq: ENMD)
Meta Description: [ EntreMed, Inc. is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on developing the next generation of multi-mechanism oncology and anti-inflammatory drugs that target disease cells directly and the blood vessels that nourish them. EntreMed is focused on developing drugs that are safe and conveni... ]
Gemac - Researching diagnostics and drug candidates for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral and multiple sclerosis, as well as autoimmune diseases, including anti-idiotypic antibodies. Includes overview of corporation in Cenon, France.
Genelabs Technologies, Inc. - Discovers, develops and commercializes therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus, viral diseases and cancer. Located in Redwood City, California.(Nasdaq: GNLB)
Meta Description: [ Genelabs Technologies, Inc. is a global biopharmaceutical and diagnostics company focused on gene-regulating drug discovery; infectious diseases including hepatitis; and immunological disorders including lupus. ]
Genentech, Inc. - Genetic engineering techniques in the discovery, development, production, and marketing of human therapeutics. Includes research history, product pipline, global corporate and career information, from South San Francisco, California.
Meta Description: [ Genentech Inc., the founder of the biotechnology industry, is a pioneer in biotechnology research and is a leading biotechnology company. It discovers, develops, manufactures and markets biopharmaceuticals for significant unmet medical needs. ]
Genfit - Researching nuclear receptors and gene deregulation for treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Includes information about genomic research headquartered in Loos, France.
Meta Description: [ Biopharmaceutical company studying nuclear receptors, gene deregulation and dedicated to find treatments to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and inflammatory diseases. Features informations about genomic research and drug dicovery ]
Hemobiotech Inc. - Developer of blood substitute, aiming to address intrinsic hemoglobin toxicity. Introduction to company and their work, with form to contact Dallas, Texas.
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Hybridon, Inc. - Engaged in the discovery and development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics using synthetic DNA and antisense technology. Based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. (AMEX: HBY)
Imclone Systems Inc. - Researches and develops growth factor blockers and anti-cancer vaccines. Includes clinical programs, investor details and overview of company in New York City. (Nasdaq: IMCL)
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. - Developing novel drugs against targets inside nerve cells to treat CNS disorders. Includes therapeutic projects, target biochemistry, corporate data and contacts for headquarters in New York City.
Meta Description: [ Intracellular Therapies, Inc. (ITI) is developing novel drugs for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson1s and Alzheimer1s disease and other Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, based on proprietary targets identified and validated in vivo. ]
Intrabiotics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - Develops antibacterial and antifungal drugs, including protegrins and related antimicrobial peptides, for application in cystic fibrosis. Includes pipeline, publications, and investor information from Palo Alto, California. (Nasdaq: IBPI)
MannKind Corp. - Developing a pulmonary insulin delivery system, and immunotherapy of cancer, by identifying tumor-related antigens, DNA and peptide-based drugs evoking cell-mediated responses. Located in Valencia, California.
Meta Description: [ MannKind' s Website ]
Maxygen, Inc. - Develops proprietary protein modifications including PEG, glycosylation and vaccines. Overview of technologies, clinical trial pipeline, investor data and careers in Redwood City, California. (Nasdaq: MAXY)
Mixture Sciences, Inc. - A privately held company that specializes in research for treatment of cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases, including Lyme Disease. Lists research projects and procedures. Based in San Diego, California.
Meta Description: [ Mixture Sciences, Inc., a privately-held biotechnology company, specializes in biomedical research and drug discovery. ]
Nephros Therapeutics, Inc. - Specialist in the design, development, and marketing of human cell replacement therapy systems, targeting inflammatory disease. Includes directions to research labs at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and corporate offices in Lincoln, Rhode Island.
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Novacta Biosystems Ltd. - Drug discovery and development company using pathway engineering and chemistry to optimise the activity of natural products for the treatment of infectious diseases. Introduces biotransformation technology, lead compounds, key personnel in Hatfield, England.
Nymox Pharmaceutical Corp. - Researches and develops neurological diagnostics and pharmaceuticals for the aging population with emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. Profile of company with bases in Maywood, New Jersey and Saint Laurent, Quebec. (Nasdaq: NYMX)
Meta Description: [ Nymox is a development stage biopharmaceuticals company based in Maywood, NJ and St. Laurent, Quebec. Nymox specializes in the research and development of therapeutics and diagnostics for the aging population with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. ]
Optimer Pharmaceuticals - Develops late-stage anti-infective and preclinical antibiotics by carbohydrate technology.
Meta Description: [ Optimer's core competence includes the development of innovative drugs for treating diseases that currently have no satisfactory
therapy. These include antibiotics for drug-resistant bacterial infections, a cancer vaccine, and ]
Praecis Pharmaceuticals Inc. - Develops peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of human hormone diseases, prostate cancer endometriosis, and inflammatory diseases. Includes therapeutic targets and profile of facilities in Waltham, Massachusetts. (Nasdaq: PRCS)
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Rib-X Pharmaceuticals Inc. - Structure-based drug design start-up, specializing in the ribosome as a target, and bacterial antibiotic resistance. Includes mechanisms of action, glossary, careers, corporate news and contacts and directions in New Haven, Connecticut.
Sierra Sciences Inc. - Developing drugs and therapies to reverse the effects of human aging by focusing on preserving the length of telomeres, to keep them more resilient. Careers in Reno, Nevada.
Meta Description: [ Sierra Sciences, LLC. is developing drugs and therapies to reverse the effects of human aging. Our near-term goal is to develop a drug that will temporarily activate telomerase expression and re-lengthen telomeres of aging human cells. ]
Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corp. - Applies human receptor-targeted drug design technology to discover and clone genes and to design G protein-coupled receptor agonist and antagonists. Based in Paramus, New Jersey. (Nasdaq: SNAP)
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Trophogen, Inc - Development of superactive hormones and growth factors for therapeutic applications. Based in Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Meta Description: [ Trophogen, Inc. is a biotechnology company founded in 2001, focusing on the development of high affinity glycoprotein hormone and related growth factor analogs for targeted therapy and imaging of ovarian, breast, prostate, testicular and thyroid cancers as well as for human and animal infertility. ]
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corp. - Specializes in age-related diseases. Includes patient links for Alzheimer's Disease, clinical trials, company news and careers in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Meta Description: [ Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation is rapidly to bringing to market a patented treatment that stops the progression of Alzheimer's. Our focus is finding cures for Alzheimer's and other aging diseases ]
Xencor, Inc. - Technology for MHC epitope removal, glycosylation to optimize pharmacokinetics, masking immune recognition sites and engineering monoclonal antibodies. Includes discovery programs, partnering opportunities in Monrovia, California. ImmunoPDA™ Technology Product Sheet Caltech spin-off developing proteomic technologies to accelerate drug discovery.
Xenova Group plc - Holding company for drug discovery subsidiaries, developing anti-cancer compounds in clinical stage, and addiction vaccines. Includes candidates for therapeutic focus, investor details, with contacts in Slough and Cambridge, England. (Nasdaq: XNVA)
Xoma - Development and manufacture of recombinant proteins and peptides, in partnership with big pharmas. Includes licensing of technology derived from the host-defense protein BPI, monoclonal antibodies to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, and to target cancer. Based in Berkeley, California.
ZymoGenetics, Inc. - Discovery, development and commercialization of therapeutic proteins for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Includes product pipeline, news on clinical trials and profile of company in Seattle, Washington.
Meta Description: [ ZymoGenetics targets promising protein therapies. ]
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